Glycolic Acid

Glycolic acid is a type of acid that belongs to the AHA (alpha hydroxy acid) group. It is one of the smallest and most effective acids in this group. It is naturally found in some sugar crops, but it can also be made in a laboratory through a chemical process.

The chemical formula of glycolic acid is C₂H₄O₃ (also written as HOCH₂CO₂H). It usually appears as a clear liquid with a light yellow color, although sometimes it can look completely colorless. It has a very mild smell that is hardly noticeable. It easily dissolves in water. Most glycolic acid solutions contain about 70% acid and 30% water. Its pH level is very low, usually between 0.5 and 2, which makes it quite strong.

Glycolic acid is widely used in skincare and cosmetic products such as toners, face creams, serums, body washes, deodorants, night creams, soaps, and scrubs. It works as an exfoliant, meaning it helps remove dead skin cells and gives a peeling effect to the skin. It also helps in reducing ingrown hair.

Because of its small size, glycolic acid easily penetrates deep into the skin pores. It binds well with water molecules, which helps it work effectively on the skin. It is commonly found in many over-the-counter (OTC) products because it is considered safe and skin-friendly when used properly. Its natural antibacterial and antioxidant properties also make it beneficial for both skin and hair care.